Endometriosis is a chronic and often painful condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, grows outside the uterus. This abnormal growth can occur on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other organs within the pelvis, leading to inflammation, scar tissue formation, and adhesions. Common symptoms include severe menstrual cramps, chronic pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, and infertility. The exact cause of endometriosis remains unclear, but factors such as retrograde menstruation, immune system disorders, and genetic predisposition are thought to contribute. Treatment options for endometriosis vary based on the severity of the condition and the patient’s desire for fertility preservation. Initial management often involves pain relief through nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Hormonal therapies are also commonly used to reduce or eliminate menstruation, thereby decreasing the growth of endometrial tissue. These can include birth control pills, hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. For more severe cases or when pain persists despite medical treatments, surgical options may be considered. Laparoscopic surgery can be performed to remove endometrial tissue, cysts, and adhesions, potentially improving pain and increasing the changes of fertility. In extreme cases, a hysterectomy, which involves the removal of the uterus, may be recommended. Ultimately, the choice of treatment is adapted to the individual, considering factors such as symptoms, age, and reproductive goals. Ongoing research is also exploring new therapies, including the use of biologics and other targeted treatments, to better manage the condition.
According to GlobalData’s Clinical Trials Database, China has conducted the most trials investigating endometriosis, accounting for 19.3% of total trials. This is followed by the US with 24.5%, Iran with 10.1%, Japan with 6.5%, and Italy with 5.0%. China may have more endometriosis trials due to several reasons. One reason is the high prevalence of endometriosis in China, which creates a greater need for research and clinical trials in this area. Additionally, China has a large population, providing a larger pool of potential participants for clinical trials, which leads to more trials being conducted.
